What is Coronary Artery Disease?

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is a condition in which plaque builds up inside the coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle. Plaque is made up of cholesterol fat calcium other substances that can clog these arteries reduce blood flow to the heart. CAD is a leading cause of heart attacks heart failure arrhythmias.

What are the 4 Stages of Coronary Artery Disease?

There are four stages of Coronary Artery Disease that describe the progression of the condition:

Stage 1: Fatty Streak

The first stage of Coronary Artery Disease is the development of a fatty streak. At this stage the artery walls develop a yellowish fatty deposit that can lead to the hardening narrowing of the artery walls. This can reduce blood flow but generally does not cause any symptoms.

Stage 2: Mild Atherosclerosis

At the second stage the fatty streaks start to accumulate harden within the walls of the coronary arteries. This stage is generally asymptomatic but may cause mild chest pain or discomfort during physical activities.

Stage 3: Moderate Atherosclerosis

The third stage is characterized by the formation of a fibrous plaque that narrows the coronary artery lumen. This stage may cause unstable angina a condition where chest pain or discomfort may occur with little physical activity can even occur at rest.

Stage 4: Advanced Atherosclerosis

At the fourth stage the fibrous plaque in the coronary artery ruptures forms a blood clot which can completely block the artery leading to a heart attack. This stage generally presents as acute coronary syndrome (ACS) requires immediate medical attention.

Conclusion

In conclusion Coronary Artery Disease progresses through four distinct stages that describe the progression of atherosclerosis. Early detection management of risk factors such as high blood pressure high cholesterol diabetes tobacco use can help prevent or delay the development of Coronary Artery Disease. It is essential to maintain a healthy lifestyle undergo regular health checkups to prevent the progression of CAD.